ABSTRACT
The past few decades have witnessed an overwhelming increase in the incidence of fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Consequently, zoonotic diseases, especially through rodents constitute a prominent group among the emerging diseases. Rodents are commensal to man and related health risks are common. Water rats (Rattus norvegicus) are typical to Vembanadu-Kol wetland agroecosystems, where they can act as a good carrier nexus for pathogens. The present study evaluates the carrier status of water rats with respect to fungal pathogens. A total of fifty two fungi covering eighteen families were isolated. Among the isolates, eight were dermaptophytes and Chrysosporium sp. (89.18%) was the frequent isolate. The source-wise analyses showed an increased isolation from ventral hair (67 isolates). Water rats of Vembanadu-Kol wetland agroecosystem are potent carrier of dermaptophytes and other opportunistic fungi, and strong carrier paths are existing too.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rats , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Chrysosporium/isolation & purification , Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Onygenales/isolation & purification , Rodent Diseases , Rodentia , Sustainable Agriculture , Aquatic Fungi , Methodology as a Subject , Wetlands , WetlandsABSTRACT
Con la finalidad de estudiar la presencia de Onygenales queratinofílicas potencialmente patógenas para el hombre y los animales, se analizaron mediante la técnica del anzuelo queratínico (Marzo Diciembre, 2006), suelos de establecimientos educacionales urbanos y rurales de la V Región, Chile. Se colectaron un total de 64 muestras, de las cuales, la mitad se obtuvieron en Valparaíso-Viña del Mar (urbano) y la otra en Olmué-Limache (en zonas rurales). En zona urbana se aislaron 112 cepas (7 géneros y 12 especies) y en la rural 147 (11 géneros y 18 especies). Los géneros de mayor prevalencia en la zona urbana y rural en orden decreciente fueron: Chrysosporium y su teleomorfo 32 por ciento versus 45 por ciento; Keratinomyces y su teleomorfo, 26 por ciento y 16 por ciento; Microsporum y su teleomorfo 23 por ciento y 16 por ciento y Myceliophthora y su teleomorfo con un 13 y 10 por ciento. Amauroascus mutatus, Auxarthron umbrinum, Gymnoascus reessii, Chrysosporium charmichaelii, Ch. merdarium, Ch. tropicum, Geomyces pannorum var. pannorum fueron detectados sólo en la zona rural; mientras que Malbranchea flava sólo en la zona urbana. Mediante la técnica de Takashio, se pudo identificar separadamente las especies del complex Microsporum gypseum, determinándose que M. gypseum (Arthrodema gypseum) y M.fulvum (A. fulvum) obtuvieron una frecuencia de aislamiento similar en ambas zonas, siendo el primero un oportunista potencialmente patógeno para el hombre y los animales.
With the purpose of studying the presence of keratinophilic Onygenales that are potentially pathogenous for man and animal, urban and rural soils from educational centers in the V Region were examined with the keratinic bait technique (march-december 2006). A total of 64 samples were collected, 32 of them being from Valparaíso-Viña del Mar (urban) while the rest in Olmué-Limache (in rural zones). One hundred and twelve strains (7 genera and 12 species) were collected in the urban zone and 147 strains in the rural zone (11genera and 18 species). Genera with the highest prevalence both in the urban and the rural zones were, in decreasing order: Chrysosporium and its teleomorph 32 per cent vs. 45 per cent; Keratinomyces and its teleomorph 26 per cent and 16 per cent; Microsporum and its teleomorph 23 per cent and 16 per cent and Myceliophthora and its. teleomorph with 13 per cent and 10 per cent. Amauroascus mutatus, Auxarthron umbrinum, Gymnoascus reessii, Chrysosporium charmichaelii, Ch. merdarium, Ch.tropicum, Geomyces pannorum var. pannorum were detected only in the rural zone, whereas Malbranchea flava only in the urban zone. Species of the complex Microsporum gypseum, could be identified separately by means of the Takashio technique, coming to the conclusion that M. gypseum (Arthrodema gypseum) and M.fulvum (A. fulvum) achieved a similar frequency of isolation in both zones and that the former is a potentially opportunistic pathogen for man and animal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Mitosporic Fungi , Onygenales/isolation & purification , Onygenales/classification , Onygenales/growth & development , Onygenales/pathogenicity , Rural Areas , Environmental Pollution , Urban Area , Chile , SchoolsABSTRACT
Mediante las técnicas de Orr y de dilución, se estudiaron muestras de tierra de la zona occidental de la región chaqueña recogidas durante las estaciones de invierno y verano del año 2006. Mediante el anzuelo queratínico se aislaron 22 géneros y 25 especies fúngicas. Los Onygenales estuvieron representados con sólo 8 géneros, principalmente Chrysosporium indicum, Aphanoascus fulvescens y Myceliophthora vellerea, mientras en los no Onigenales, destacan: Paecilomyces lilacinus y Aspergillus fumigatus. En las muestras procesadas por dilución en PDA, se obtuvieron 24 géneros y 43 especies. Entre éstas, el género más frecuente y con mayor diversidad fue Aspergillus, siendo A. fumigatus la especie más representada, siguiendo en importancia los micelios hialinos y dematiáceos sin fructificar, los Penicillium del sub género Biverticillium y los Trichoderma de la sección Trichoderma. Se destaca la presencia de Corynascus verrucosus y C. setosus. Con ambas técnicas no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas respecto del número total de aislamientos entre invierno y verano.
Soil samples from the western zone of Chaco Region and collected during winter and summer of 2006 were studied by means of Orr and dilution techniques. Twenty two genera and 25 fungal species resulted with the use of the keratinic bait. Onygenales were represented by only 8 genera, mainly Chrysosporium indicum, Aphanoascus fulvescens and Myceliophtora vellerea, while Paecilomyces lilacinus and Aspergillus fumigates were present in the not Onygenales group. In samples processed by PDA dilution, 23 genera and 43 species were obtained. Among these, Aspergillus was the most frequent genus and which showed the highest diversity, being A. fumigatus the highest represented species, followed in importance by fructification-free hyaline and dematiaceous mycelia, Penicillium of the sub genus Biverticillium and Trichoderma from the Trichoderma section. The presence of Corynascus verrucosus and C. setosus is also pointed out. There were no significant differences detected under both techniques as regards the overall number of isolations within winter and summer.
Subject(s)
Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification , Mitosporic Fungi/classification , Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity , Onygenales/isolation & purification , Onygenales/classification , Onygenales/growth & development , Soil Microbiology , Argentina , Indicator Dilution TechniquesABSTRACT
Por las técnicas del anzuelo queratínico y de dilución, se estudiaron tierras de las planicies semiáridas del noroeste de la provincia de San Luis (Argentina), en invierno y verano. Con la técnica del anzuelo queratínico se aislaron 12 géneros y 15 especies fúngicas, mientras en las procesadas por dilución en PDA, 15 géneros y 29 especies. La mayoría de las detectadas con la primera técnica pertenecieron a los Onygenales (65,4 por ciento), siendo Chrysosporium indicum el de más alta frecuencia, mientras que en las diluciones, la mayoría correspondió a hongos mitospóricos (>75 por ciento), dominando los integrantes del género Aspergillus (35,8 por ciento). Con ambas técnicas la riqueza de especies fue levemente superior en verano y aún cuando la diversidad general fue baja, se aprecia la capacidad de adaptación y sobrevivencia de ciertos géneros y especies en ambientes edáficos adversos.
Soils from northwestern semiarid plains in the province of San Luis (Argentina) were examined by means of keratinic bait and dilution techniques both in winter and summer. The first technique yielded 12 genera and 15 fungal species whereas those processed in PDA dilution resulted in 15 genera and 29 species. Most fungi detected with the former technique belonged to Onygenales(65.4 percent), being Chrysosporium indicum the most frequently occurring, while in dilutions mitosporic fungi(<75 percent) showed the highest occurrence, those of the genus Aspergillus having dominance (35.8 percent). The richness of species was fairly higher with both techniquesand even though general diversity was low, the ability of certain genera and species to adapt and survive underadverse edaphic environments could be clearly seen.